Hall of Fame: Stephen Cairns

Biographical info Name: Stephen Douglas Cairns Born: 26 November, 1949, in Port Sulphur, Louisiana PhD: l976, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (Biological Oceanography). Major Accomplishments: Curator of Cnidaria at the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Cairns made extensive contributions to the taxonomy of the hydrocorals, followed by the scleractinian corals, and recently switched to the deep-water octocorals. He is also currently supervising Alberto Lindner on a PEET Project with the hydrocorals. Honorific taxa: Gorgoniaplynoe cairnsi Pettibone, 1991, a handsome polychaete with four eyes Levicyathus cairnsi Filkorn, 1994, a Cretaceous Antarctic scleractinian

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Cairns, S. D. and C. A. Olmsted. l973. Effects of Holothurin on Sarcoma-l80 and B-l6 Melanoma tumors in mice. Gulf Res. Rept. 4(2): 205-213.

Cairns, S. D. l976. Cephalopods of the Straits of Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 26(2): 233-272, 6 figs. (published MS thesis).

______. l977. Guide to the commoner shallow-water gorgonians of South Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean region. University of Miami Sea Grant Field Guide Series 6: 74 pp., 26 pls.

______. l977. Deep-water corals. Sea Frontiers 23(2): 84-89, 9 figs.

______. l977. A review of the Recent species of Balanophyllia (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the western Atlantic, with descriptions of four new species. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 90(l): l32-l48, 4 pls.

______. l977. A revision of the Recent species of Stephanocyathus (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the western Atlantic, with descriptions of two new species. Bull. Mar. Sci. 27(4): 729-739, 2 pls.

______. l977. Caryophylliina and Dendrophylliina (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Mem. Hourglass Cruises 3(4): 27 pp., 2 pls.

______. l978. A checklist of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Gulf of Mexico, with the description of a new species. Gulf Res. Rept. 6(l): 9-l5, l pl.

______. l978. Distichopora (Haplomerismos) anceps, a new stylasterine coral (Coelenterata: Stylasterina) from deep water off the Hawaiian Islands. Micronesica l4(l): 83-87, l pl.

______. l978. New genus and species of ahermatypic coral (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) from the western Atlantic. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 9l(l): 216-221, l pl., l text-fig.

______. l978. Types and figured specimens of Stylasterina and Scleractinia at the NMNH, Smithsonian. Part l. Recent and Cenozoic. Fossil Cnidaria 7(2): 9-l4.

______. l979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Stud. Fauna Curaçao 57(l80): 341 pp, 40 pls.,60 maps (published and augmented Ph.D. dissertation).

______. l981. Marine flora and fauna of the northeastern United States. Scleractinia. NOAA Tech. Rept. NMFS Circ. 438: l4 pp., l6 figs.

______. l982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Ant. Res. Ser. 34: l-74, l8 pls., l4 maps.

______. l982. Stony corals (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Scleractinia) of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Smith. Cont. Mar. Sci. l2: 272-302, pls. ll9-l33.

______. l982. A new subfamily of operculate stylasterine (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa) from the Subantarctic. J. Nat. Hist. l6(l): 7l-8l, 5 pls.

Zibrowius, H. and S. D. Cairns. l982. Remarks on the stylasterine fauna of the West Indies, with the description of Stylaster antillarum, a new species from the Lesser Antilles (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Stylasterina). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 95(l): 210-221, 4 pls.

Cairns, S. D. and G. D. Stanley. l982. Ahermatypic coral banks: living and fossil counterparts. Proc. Fourth Internat. Coral Reef Symp. 2: 611-618, 2 figs.

Cairns, S. D. l983. Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Ant. Res. Ser. 38: 61-164, 50 pls., l5 maps.

______. l983 A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part l. Description of the genera. Bull. Mar. Sci. 33(2): 427-508, 28 pls.

______. l983. Pseudocrypthelia, a new genus of stylasterine coral (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa) from the Indonesian region. Beaufortia 33(3): 29-35, 3 pls.

______. l983. Observations on species of the fossil genus Axopora (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa) and its evolutionary significance to the Stylasteridae. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 96(4): 758-769, l8 figs.

______. l984. New records of ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia) from the Hawaiian and Line Islands. Occas. Pap. Bishop Mus. 25(l0): l-30, 5 pls.

______. l984. A generic revision of the Stylasteridae (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part. 2. Phylogenetic analysis. Bull. Mar. Sci. 35(l): 38-53, 4 figs.

______ and J. L. Barnard. l984. Redescription of Janaria mirabilis, a calcified hydroid from the eastern Pacific. Bull. Southern Cal. Acad. Sci. 83(l): 1-11, 3 pls.

______. l984. An application of phylogenetic analysis to the Scleractinia: Family Fungiidae. Fourth Internat. Symp. Fossil Cnidaria, Palaeontographica Americana 54: 49-57, 5 figs.

______. l985. Three new species of Stylasteridae (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98(3): 728-739, 6 pls.

Cairns, S. D., J. C. den Hartog, and C. Arneson. l986. Anthozoa. Pp. l59-l94, pls. 46-58 and color pls. 5-7 In: Sterrer (ed.), Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Cairns, S. D. l986. A revision of the Northwest Atlantic Stylasteridae (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Smith. Cont. Zool. 4l8, l3l pp., 53 pls., 25 maps.

______. l986. Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) of the Galápagos Islands. Smith. Cont. Zool. 426: 42 pp., 27 pls., l map.

______. l987. A new species of Conopora (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) from Australia, the first known unattached stylasterid. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 100 (1): l4l-l46, 2 pls.

______. 1987. Evolutionary trends in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Pp. 257-274, 4 figs. In: Bouillon, J. et al. (eds.) Modern Trends in the Systematics, Ecology, and Evolution of hydroids and hydromedusae. Oxford Univ. Press.

______ and J. W. Wells. 1987. Neogene paleontology in the northern Dominican Republic. 5. The suborders Caryophylliina and Dendrophylliina (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Bull. Amer. Paleont. 93(328): 23-43, 52-55, pls. 8-11.

Viada, S. T. and S. D. Cairns. 1987. Range extensions of ahermatypic Scleractinia in the Gulf of Mexico. Northeast Gulf Sci., 9(2): 131-134, 1 fig.

Peters, E. C., S. D. Cairns, et al. 1988. Nomenclature and biology of Astrangia poculata (Ellis and Solander, 1786). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 101(2): 234-250, 1 pl.

Cairns, S. D. 1988. New records of Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from western Australia, including the description of two new species. Rec. West. Austr. Mus. 14(1): 105-119, 4 pls.

Stanley, G. D. and S. D. Cairns. 1988. Constructional azooxanthellate coral communities: an overview with implications for the fossil record. Palaios 5(3): 233-242, 3 figs.

Cairns, S. D. 1988. Cryptotrochus, new genus and two new species of deep-water corals (Scleractinia: Turbinoliinae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 101(4): 709-716, 4 pls.

______. 1989. A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Philippine Islands and adjacent Waters, Part 1: Fungiacyathidae, Micrabaciidae, Turbinoliinae, Guyniidae, and Flabellidae. Smith. Cont. Zool. 486: 136 pp., 42 pls., 3 figs.

______. 1989. Discriminant analysis of Indo-West Pacific Flabellum. Mem. Ass. Australas. Paleontols. 8:61-68, 2 figs. (Fifth International Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria, Brisbane).

______. 1989. Asexual reproduction in solitary Scleractinia. Proc. Sixth Internat. Coral Reef Symp., Townsville, 2:641-646, 1 fig.

______. 1990. Synopses of the Antarctic Benthos: Volume 1, Antarctic Scleractinia. Koenigstein, Koeltz Scientific Books, 78 pp., 25 figs.

______. 1990. Ordung Scleractinia. Pp. 26-29, figs. 35-42 in: Sieg, J. and Wagele, W. (eds.) Fauna der Antarktis. Verlag Paul Parey: Berlin.

Macintyre, I. G., K. Ruetzler, J. N. Norris, K. P. Smith, S. D. Cairns, K. E. Bucher, and R. S. Steneck. 1991. An early Holocene reef in the western Atlantic: submersible investigations of a deep relict reef off the west coast of Barbados, W.I. Coral Reefs 10:167-174.

Cairns, S. D. 1991. A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Smith. Cont. Zool. 504: 32 pp., 12 pls.

______. 1991. Catalog of the type specimens of stony corals (Milleporidae, Stylasteridae, Scleractinia) in the National Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Smith. Cont. Zool. 514: 59 pp.

______. 1991. New records of Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 104(2): 209-228, 32 figs.

______. 1991. Cyclohelia lamellata, new genus and species of Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bering Sea. Pac. Sci. 45(4): 383-388, 2 pls.

______. 1991. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydroida). New Zealand Ocean. Inst. Mem. 98: 179 pp., including 77 pls.

_______, et al. 1991. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. 22: 75 pp., 4 color pls.

______. 1992. A generic revision of the Stylasteridae (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 3. Keys to the genera. Bull Mar. Sci. 49(1-2): 538-545.

______ and I. G. Macintyre. 1992. Phylogenetic implications of calcium carbonate mineralogy in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Palaios 7: 96-107, 5 figs.

Zibrowius, H. and S. D. Cairns. 1992. Revision of the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Naturelle, Paris 153: 136 pp., including 42 pls.

Cairns, S. D. and S. A. Parker. 1992. Review of the Recent Scleractinia (Stony Corals) of South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. Rec. S. Australian Mus., Mono. Ser. 3: 82 pp., 18 pls.

______. 1992. Worldwide distribution of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Sci. Mar., 56(2): 125-130.

______, and J. A. Grant-Mackie. 1993. Review of the fossil Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the New Zealand region. New Zealand J. Geol. Geophy., 36: 1-8, 17 figs.

Opresko, D. M. and S. D. Cairns. 1993. New species of black coral (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Northeast Gulf Sci., 12(2): 93-97, 2 figs.

Cairns, S. D. and N. B. Keller. 1993. New taxa and distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the tropical south-west Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 103(5): 213-292, 13 pls.

Cairns, S. D., D. M. Opresko, T. S. Hopkins, and W. W. Schroeder. 1994. New records of deep-water Cnidaria (Scleractinia & Antipatharia) from the Gulf of Mexico. Northeast Gulf Sci., 13(1): 1-11, 1 fig.

Cairns, S. D. 1994. Scleractinia of the Temperate North Pacific. Smith. Cont. Zool., 557:150 pp., 42 plates, 3 figs.

Opresko, D. M. and S. D. Cairns. 1994. Description of the new genus Allopathes (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) and its type species Cirripathes desbonni. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107(1): 185-192, 4 figs.

Cairns, S. D. 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). New Zealand Ocean. Inst. Mem. 103: 139 pp., 44 pls.

______ 1995. New records of azooxanthellate stony corals (Cnidaria: Scleractinia and Stylasteridae) from the Neogene of Panama and Costa Rica. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 108(3): 533-550, 36 figs.

Grygier, M.J. and S. D. Cairns. 1996. Supposed neoplasms in the deep-sea corals (Scleractinia: Oculinidae: Madrepora spp.) reinterpreted as galls caused by Petrarca madreporae, new species (Crustacea: Ascothoracida: Petrarchidae). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 24: 61-69, 2 figs.

Cairns, S. D. and Zibrowius, H. 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippine and Indonesian regions. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., 172: 27-243, including 29 pls. (MUSORSTOM Rep. 16).

Cairns, S. D. 1997. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Turbinoliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). Smith. Cont. Zool., 591: 55 pp., including 10 pls.

______. 1998. Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Western Australia. Rec. of West. Austr. Mus., 18(4): 361-417, 9 pls.

Feinstein, N., and S. D. Cairns. 1998. learning from the collector: a survey of azooxanthellate corals affixed by Xenophora (Gastropoda; Xenophoridae), with an analysis and discussion of attachment patterns. The Nautilus, 112(3): 73-832, figs.

Cairns, S. D. and B. Hoeksema. 1998. Distichopora vervoorti, a new shallow-water stylasterid coral (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) from Bali, Indonesia. Zool. Verhand. XX: 1-8, figs. 1-7.

Cairns, S. D. 1999. Cnidaria Anthozoa: Deep-Water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Mém. Mus. nat. Hist. nat., 180: 31-167, including 22 pls.

______. 1999. Species richness of Recent Scleractinia. Atoll Res. Bull., 459: 1-12.

______, B. W. Hoeksema, and J. van der Land. 1999. List of extant stony corals. Atoll Res. Bull., 459: 13-45.

______ . 1999. Stratigraphic distribution of Neogene Caribbean azooxanthellate corals (Scleractinia and Stylasteridae). Bull. Amer. Pal., 357: 109-118, 2 figs, 6 tables.

Collins, L. S., O. Aguilera, P. F. Borne & S. D. Cairns. 1999. A paleoenvironmental analysis of the Neogene of Caribbean Panama and Costa Rica using several phyla. Bull. Amer. Pal., 357: 81-90.

______. 2000. A revision of the shallow-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia of the western Atlantic. Stud. Nat. Hist. Carib. Reg., 75: 321 pp., 215 figs.

Romano, S. L. & S. D. Cairns. 2000. Molecular phylogenetic hypotheses for the evolution of scleractinian corals. Bull. Mar. Sci., 67(3): 1043-1068.

Lattig, P. and S. D. Cairns. 2000. A new species of Tethocyathus (Scleractinia: Caryophylliidae) Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 113(3): 590-595, 1 pl.

Cairns, S. D. 2001. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). Smith. Cont. Zool., 180 ms pp., 14 pls., 3 figs.

______. 2001. Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 1. The genus Chrysogorgia. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 114(3): 746-787, 18 pl.

______. 2001. A brief history of taxonomic research on azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash., 10: 191-203, 2 figs.

______, Hoeksema, B. W., and J. van der Land. 2001. Scleractinia. In: Costello, M. J., C. S. Emblow, and R. White (editors), European Register of Marine Species. A checklist of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines naturels, 50: 109-110.

______. 2002 . A new species of Chrysogorgia (Anthozoa: Chrysogorgiidae) from the Antarctic. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 115(1): 217-222, 3 figs.

______, and R. E. Chapman. (2001) 2002. Biogeographic affinities of the North Atlantic deep-water Scleractinia. Pp. 30-57 In: Proc. First Internat. Symp. Deep-Sea Corals (J. H. M. Willison, et al., eds.), Ecology Action Centre and Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax.

_______, et al. 2002 Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora (second edition). Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. 28: 107 pp., 32 color figures.

Amaral, F. D., M. K. Broadhurst, S. D. Cairns, & E. Schlenz. (in press, 2002). Skeletal morphometry of Millepora occurring in Brazil, including a previously undescribed species. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.

Cairns, S. D. (in press). Recent Scleractinia. Species 2000: New Zealand Millennial Symposium. 13 ms pages.

______. (in press). Stylasteridae. Species 2000: New Zealand Millennial Symposium. 2 ms pages.

______. (in press??). Stylasteridae, 7 ms pp. In: S. Cook (ed.), New Zealand Coastal Invertebrates. Canterbury Univ. Press.

(Non-Research: book reviews, obituaries, web pages, abstracts, forewords)

Cairns, S. D. l982. Book review of "A field guide to the coral reefs of the Caribbean and Florida" by E. H. Kaplan. Current 4(2): 21.

______. l984. Fossil and Recent reef communities: Introduction. Fourth Internat. Symp. Fossil Cnidaria, Palaeontographica Americana 54: 383-384.

______. l984. Adaptation to environment: Introduction. Fourth Internat. Symp. Fossil Cnidaria, Palaeontographica Americana 54: 531-532.

Oliver, W. A. and S. D. Cairns. 1994. John West Wells (1907-1994). Fossil Cnidaria, 23(1.2): 12 pp., 1 fig.

______ and ______. 1994. John West Wells (1907-1994). Geol. Soc. Amer. Memorials, 25: 121-124.

Best, M. R. R. B., S. D. Cairns, and B. W. Hoeksema. (published draft, 1995). Coelenterata or Cnidaria: Class Hexacorallia: Order Scleractinia (Stony Corals). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms, 21 pp.

Cairns, S. D., G. M. Mapstone, and W. Vervoort. (published draft, 1995). Coelenterata or Cnidaria: Class Hydrozoa. UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms, 51 pp.

Cairns, S. D. and T. Chad Walter. 1996. Catalog of type specimens of stony corals (Milleporidae, Stylasteridae, Scleractinia) in the National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian WEB page.

Amaral, F. D., S. D. Cairns, and E Schlenz. 1998. Scanning electron microscopy of hydrocoral skeletons from Brazil. 22nd Brazilian Congress on Zoology, pp.7-8 (abstract only).

Cairns, S. D. 2001. Beautiful Reef-Builders (book review of "Corals of the World" by J. E. N. Veron). Science, 292: 1492.

Cairns, S. D. (main consultant). 2001. Cnidaria. Pp. 529-532 In: "Animal", Burnie, D. & D. E. Wilson (editors). DK Publishing Co., New York.

Cairns, S. D. and C. G. Messing. 2001. Forward. Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash., 10: v-vi.

Cairns, S. D. and C. G. Messing. 2001. editors. Commemorative volume for the 80th birthday of Frederick M. Bayer in 2001. Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash., 10: 364 pages.

 

LINKS

Steve Cairns's page at Gary Williams's site on Octocoral workers

 

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